Biochem/physiol Actions
AAL-R [AAL(R)] is a FTY720 (fingolimod) analog and a much more rapidly activated sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P) agonist by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2)-mediated phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. AAL-R triggers lymphocytes apoptosis in a SphK2-dependent manner (34%/84% remaining parental/SphK2-deficient Jurkat; 24 h 5 μM) with a significantly higher efficacy than its S-enantiomer AAL-S or FTY720 (%PI- mouse splenocytes = 27/ALL-R vs 56/FTY720 or ALL-S; 24 h 4 μM). AAL-R (0.1-0.3 mg/kg intratracheally), but not ALL-S, inhibits T-cell response to influenza infection and reduces pulmonary inflammation during Bordetella pertussis infection in mice (0.5 mg/kg intranasally).
More phosphorylatable FTY720 (fingolimod) analog with greater SphK2-dependent sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P) agonist efficacy in vitro and in vivo.