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General description
Kynurenine, a breakdown product of tryptophan, is produced by the action of tryptophan dioxygenase mainly in the liver. Kynurenine and its breakdown products perform several biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. The kynurenine pathway is reported to be involved in the synthesis of NAD+ from the L-tryptophan and alterations in this pathway have been linked to several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Kynurenine and its metabolites can readily pass-through cell membranes and can diffuse through the cortex of the lens. Kynurenine plays a protective role in the eye by shielding the retina from UV damage. However, it can also cause damage to lens proteins if glutathione levels are not sufficient to prevent the reaction of kynurenines with proteins. Kynurenines undergo spontaneous deamination to form ,β-unsaturated ketones that are highly reactive with nucleophilic amino acids in lens proteins. Kynurenine levels decrease with age and with cataract formation, which is mainly via its reaction with lens proteins. Clone 11F9 detects age-related changes in lens proteins altered by kynurenines. It specifically recognizes kynurenine modified water soluble human lens proteins, but not the ones with other tryptophan oxidation products. (Ref.: Mailankot, M, and Nagaraj, RH. (2010). Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 42(9); 1446-1454; Staniszewska, MM., and Nagaraj, RH. (2007). J. Immunol. Methods. 324; 63-73; Staniszewska, MM., and Nagaraj, RH. (2005). J. Biol. Chem. 280(23); 22154-22164).
Immunogen
BSA-conjugated N-formylkynurenine
Application
Quality Control Applications
Evaluated by Western Blotting with Kynurenine modified Bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Western Blotting Analysis (WB): A 1:20,000 dilution of this antibody detected Kynurenine modified BSA, but not the unmodified BSA.
Tested applications
ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected Kynurenine in ELISA applications (Staniszewska, M., et al. (2007). J Immunol Methods. 324(1-2); 63-73).
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected Kynurenine in Immunocytochemistry applications (Staniszewska, M., et al. (2007). J Immunol Methods. 324(1-2); 63-73).
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected Kynurenine in Western Blotting applications (Staniszewska, M., et al. (2007). J Immunol Methods. 324(1-2); 63-73).
Immunohistochemistry Applications: A representative lot detected Kynurenine in Immunohistochemistry applications (Staniszewska, M., et al. (2007). J Immunol Methods. 324(1-2); 63-73).
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 11F9 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects kynurenine tagged proteins.
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Preparation Note
Recommended storage: +2°C to +8°C.
Other Notes
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | mouse |
| Quality Level | 200 |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | 11F9, monoclonal |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 208.22 kDa,observed mol wt ~65 kDa |
| purified by | using protein G |
| species reactivity | human |
| species reactivity (predicted by homology) | all |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 100 μg |
| technique(s) | western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG1κ |
| epitope sequence | Unknown |
| Protein ID accession no. | N/A |
| UniProt accession no. | N/A |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| 长度(mm) | |
| 宽度(mm) | |
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| 重量(kg) |
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