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General description
Four types of cytosine modifications have been identified in mammalian DNA, namely 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). While 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC occur in embryonic stem (ES) cells and many cell types in all the major organs (e.g. brain, heart, lung and kidney), 5caC has only been detected in a few cell types at a 10 times lower level than 5fC. The sequential oxidation of 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes has been proposed as a potential route for the demethylation of 5mC back to cytosine (C). Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), for example, can excise 5fC and 5caC from DNA as part of the base excision repair (BER) pathway to restore the C-nucleotide. Emerging evidences suggest that the different modifications may be selectively recognized by various proteins, and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) binding to 5hmC has been proposed as a means of epigenetic regulation in neurons. The conversion of 5hmC to 5fC, in turn, induces an enhanced binding of DNA-repair-associated proteins to 5fC, which has been proposed as a signal for DNA demethylation.
Variable, depending on the size(s) of the DNA molecule(s) with 5-formylcytosine (5fC) modification.
Immunogen
BSA-conjugated 5-formylcytidine (5fC).
Epitope: 5-formylcytosine (5fC).
Application
Dot Blot Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL from a representative lot detected 1.25-100 ng of DNA with 5-formylcytosine (5fC) modification, but not DNA with only 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), or unmodified cytosine (Courtesy of Jeong-Heon Lee, Ph.D.; Chad Clark; Tamas Ordog, M.D.; Zhiguo Zhang, Ph.D. Epigenomics Development Laboratory, Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: 2 µg from a representative lot immunoprecipitated 5 ng of DNA with 5-formylcytosine (5fC) modification, but not DNA with 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), or unmodified cytosine (Courtesy of Jeong-Heon Lee, Ph.D.; Chad Clark; Tamas Ordog, M.D.; Zhiguo Zhang, Ph.D. Epigenomics Development Laboratory, Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA).
Research Category
Epigenetics & Nuclear Function
Research Sub Category
Chromatin Biology
This Anti-5-Formylcytosine (5fC) Antibody, clone EDL FC-5 is validated for use in Dot Blot, Immunoprecipitation for the detection of 5-Formylcytosine (5fC).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone EDL FC-5 specifically targets 5-formylcytosine (5fC), but not 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), or unmodified cytosine (C).
Physical form
Format: Purified
Protein G purified.
Purified mouse monoclonal IgG3λ antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Preparation Note
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Evaluated by Dot Blot analysis of DNA cytosine modifications.
Dot Blot Analysis: 2 µg/mL of this antibody detected 25-100 ng of DNA with 5-formylcytosine (5fC) modification, but not DNA with only 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), or unmodified cytosine.
Other Notes
Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | mouse |
| Quality Segment | 100 |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | EDL FC-5, monoclonal |
| species reactivity (predicted by homology) | all |
| technique(s) | dot blot: suitable,immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable |
| isotype | IgG3λ |
| shipped in | wet ice |
| target post-translational modification | unmodified |
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